Peace Like A River REACTION Paper

Trust God Peace Like a River, By Leaf Anger is about how wonders can function for an amazing duration. The book shows instances of difficulty that God directs the Land family through. They go to God and have confidence during the most noticeably terrible occasions, and they recall that He has just dealt with the entirety of their issues before they even occur. One case of God interceding is when Jeremiah, the school Janitor, hears bedlam in the storage room.He then goes into to see his child's sweetheart, Dolly, getting harassed by Israel Finch and Tommy Abacas. Jeremiah prevents the young men from harming Dolly and beats the two young men for contacting her. Be that as it may, the issue raises when Swede Land, Jeremiahs youthful little girl begins to get truly manhandled by the two little fellows. Finch and Abacas start to make a huge deal about the issue, and soon enough, Dad offers alerts to the young men that he will bring the issue into his own hands.One night Dad draws the two young men onto the Land family's property when he starts to take shots at Israel Finch and Tommy Abacas. After everything Israel Finch and Tommy Abacas had done, Dad goes to court he discovers that world Is Judged unjustifiably and the main hooch He has is to break out of Jail, confronting as long as he can remember taking care of the mix-up, he made by ensuring his family by not getting the law Involved by the start of the whole Incident.In my sentiment Dad ought not be rebuffed for his slip-up for an amazing remainder. The town didn't pay attention to the Incident; they ought to have given the young men admonitions. On the off chance that anything the law ought to have been Judged decently. In any case, I additionally understand that, the missteps you make during your childhood can influence as long as you can remember huge or little. It has an immense Effect on your life. So be cautious on the hoicks you make regardless of how old you get. Carry on with life by becoming acquainte d with God better and have confidence In him to move mountains.Peace Like A River Paper By Gamekeepers had done, Dad goes to court he discovers that world is Judged unjustifiably and the main mix-up, he made by ensuring his family by not getting the law required by the start of the whole episode. His slip-up for an incredible remainder. The town didn't pay attention to the episode; they whole life huge or little. It has a gigantic effect on your life. So be cautious on the and have confidence in him to move mountains.

Salt And Sand Lab Report Essay Example

Salt And Sand Lab Report Paper Vanishing is where two fluids or strong blended into a fluid can be isolated. To isolate two fluids combined, the fluid is bubbled over a Bunsen burner until one fluid is totally vanished. To isolate a strong inside a fluid, the fluid is totally vanished and a strong will remain, which is known as a buildup. Method/Data: 1. Preheat a clean vanishing dish for 5 minutes; at that point cool and mass the dish. Mass of void dish: 28. Egg 2. Set scale to zero in the wake of setting a 80 or 100 ml measuring glass on it; at that point add the blend given to you into the recepticle and record the mass of the blend. Mass of blend: 2. Egg 3. Include 15. Ml of water to the measuring glass; mix well and channel the substance through channel paper into the pre-massed vanishing dish. 4. Add 5 ml of water to the measuring glass, mix well and channel the dissipating dish. 5. Set up a vanishing set up and heat the substance in the dissipating dish, over a wavy fire to abstain from sprinkling, until all water is dissipated. 6. Permit dish and buildup to cool; recognize the buildup. 7. Mass the vanishing dish with the buildup and locate the mass of the buildup. A blend is a mix of at least two unadulterated substances in which each unadulterated substance holds its individual compound properties. The sand and salt is a blend since it tends to be isolated by dissipation and filtration, into its landmarks without changing their personalities. A few procedures that can be utilized to isolate blends would be filtration, fragmentary refining, crystallization, and sublimation. 2. Components in a mixes must be isolated by synthetic procedures, while parts of a blend can be isolated by physical procedures. 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Salt And Sand Lab Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Salt And Sand Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Salt And Sand Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The five regular techniques that can be utilized to isolate different kinds of blends are filtration, partial refining, dissipation, sublimation, and chromatography. Dissipation is the changing of a fluid into a gas frequently affected by heat. A blend of a strong and fluid can be isolated y dissipation. Filtration is a method that Uses a permeable obstruction to isolate a strong from a fluid. A fluid and strong (heterogeneous blend) is the kind of blend that can be isolated by filtration. Sublimation is the procedure during which a strong changes fume without softening (without experiencing fluid stage). Two solids are the sort of blend that can be isolated by sublimation. Fragmentary refining is a physical partition method that utilization dependent on contrasts in the breaking points of the substances in question. Two fluids are the sort of blend that can be isolated by refining. Chromatography is strategy that isolates a compound of a blend disintegrated in either a gas or a fluid. A blend of a gas or fluid state can be isolated by the utilization of chromatography. 4. Chromatography is a strategy that could be utilized to isolate the parts of the ink in a marker. This partition can be accomplished when the shade is dunked in a fluid and the various hues will carry on in an unexpected way, making them travel at various velocities. The ink isolates on the grounds that each shade has an alternate fascination in the fluid. 5. To isolate the heterogeneous blend involved sand, iron fillings, salt, and poppy seeds the principal thing that a be done is to utilize a magnet to draw in the iron fillings from the blend. Next, water ought to be added to break down the salt into the water as well as to cause the poppy seeds to drift, making it simple to take them out. At that point blend the sand, salt and water together to make a blend of salt and water. Presently with sand and salt water left, filtrate the blend to permit the salt water to go through the channel paper and the sand will remain behind as buildup. At long last, vanishing ought to be utilized to dissipate all the water from the blend deserting salt as buildup. 6. Filtrate is the thing that goes through the channel paper when utilizing filtration. The salt water was the filtrate in this lab. Buildup is what is deserted, or is remained back.

Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Individual Statement Essay The sound of the deafening group out of sight appeared to blur away as I moved toward the stage. Beads of sweat started to run down my face as my thoughtful sensory system got going, sherona award stand up I started to shake and become feeble however increased a great deal of certainty and I strolled upon the stage and held my head high and investigated the group and turned around and got my recognition and afterward on to getting acknowledged into colleges and making my mom a glad lady has been an astonishing inclination so I need to keep on setting a grin on her heart and a memory on her temple to give her that I am an example of overcoming adversity. A fantasy can ruin just if there is no launch to the real world. In the rest state there is no cognizant being however once you are awoken from the convention of death, just being that you were in obscurity for nine months and light is at its overwhelming applause your section way is a wide and expansive way possibly you take the way less voyaged or you take the most voyage way. I decided to maintain an alternate light I picked the way less voyaged, among millions I stand apart in view of my ignited soul staying the dull world presenting a feeling of light to the wild. My certainty doesn't over force my character, I am a casual individual and in the unassuming state you can just hold up upon things to have its spot and move unreservedly in your life. In the book of scriptures it states confidence without work is dead and god helps those that causes themselves. I’m going to Florida an amp; m college right now and I don't think this is the spot for me I like to go to a college like point college since it has a Christian domain that I have to draw nearer to god alongside my own involvement in god. I went to a secondary school that had Christian qualities and the school showed me tolerance inside and out. From the examination I did I trust Point University fits who I am all in all in the crucial, objectives articulations expresses that Point University is a school that teach understudies for Christ-focused assistance and authority all through the world. They articulations start to breakdown how and what will be done to show the lessons of Christ and how the understudy has developed and will learn through the lessons of the instructors and how the air will stream. Scholastic foundation originates from when I initially began school in Jamaica and afterward when I came to America I generally been an individual about business and never surrendered regardless of how hard a subject was for me. I have chipped in at a lot of spot I was a volunteer at a clinic named dedication local medical clinic, I was additionally a water young lady for my schools football crew and I was a functioning individual from my congregation with the adolescent division. I have been put down and informed that due to specific things I won't make it yet god was judged so who am I not to be passed judgment on I will never surrender my fantasies that I have due to my pride and who I am which is a solid willed individual. I am an individual that couldn't care less what someone else needs to state about me since god made me to be who I am a solid, tireless and dedicated individual. Point University is by all accounts a spot where there is no playing just carefully business and backing from staff regardless of in the event that you mess up. I’m keen on going to Point University to develop profoundly and finish my training in the organic examinations to turn into a specialist. My own witticism expresses regardless of to what extent it takes you to accomplish an objective as long as you get it is the only thing that is in any way important. A change must be made in your life and this difference in needing to go to a Christian school will be a superior one for me rather than a school with no structure. My accomplishments in my scholarly profession have been my principle concentrate however god ought to consistently be my main decision and afterward all different things will be included onto my life. As I reflect back over my encounters, I have come to understand that medication isn't just a vocation, yet in addition a long lasting relationship and solid promise to my future. I accept that I am furnished with characteristics expected to exceed expectations as a future understudy and as a future specialist. Regardless of whether it be the persistence learned while going to class or developing in god I will come out with something worth the pause. Additionally the empathy transmitted while learning and helping other people while I acquire my profession or the endurance expected to contend and become familiar with all material given to me I know indeed that I am and will be an understudy and a specialist.

Volcanoes and Climate Change Essay -- Geology Global Warming

Missing Graphics Volcanoes and Climate Change Presentation: Since the very beginning, volcanoes have been unleashing ruin on the world, as we probably am aware it. However in the later occasions, there has been a lot of discussion with respect with the impact of volcanic ejections on world environmental change. In this report, the impacts of these volcanoes will be investigated, especially with respect to cooling and the exhaustion of the ozone. Chapter by chapter list: Presentation General Information on Volcanoes Impact of Volcanoes on Cooling Impact of Volcanoes on Ozone Depletion Explicit Volcanic Eruptions and their Effects Discussion over Connection among Volcanoes and Global Climate Change Works Cited General Information on Volcanoes: Volcanoes emerge when magma, fluid stone inside the earth, arrives at the surface. Volcanoes then emit on account of their bouyancy and gas pressure. By virtue of this lightness, the hot fluid magma ascends toward the surface through the more thick stone. Gas pressure from inside the magma additionally applies a power on the encompassing stone. This splits the stone, situated over the magma, and afterward moves into the break. This procedure is rehashed again and again until the magma arrives at the surface. There are a couple of various sorts of volcanoes, and each emits a piece in an unexpected way. Shield volcanoes normally produce a wellspring of liquid magma that ventures high into the air, somewhere in the range of 10 to 500 meters. In certain ejections, however, there is small fountaining; in these the magma just streams gradually away from the vent. There are additionally increasingly unstable volcanic ejections in which the gas pressure works until it is amazingly high and the viscuous magma can no longer stand I... ...since these volcanoes are situated in various regions of the world or in light of the fact that El Nino occured during the time of the ejection of El Chichon. These confirmations are as yet being assembled and investigated so as to check the genuine connection between volcanic emissions and environmental change. Works Cited: Angell, James. Stratospheric Warming Following Volcanic Eruptions. http://capita.wustl.edu The Effects of Volcanic Eruptions on Earth's Climate. http://www.geo.mtu.edu Garrett, Chris. Worldwide Cooling. http://tiger.chm.bris.ac.uk Mattox, Steve. How are volcanoes conceived and what causes them to eject? http://volcano.und.nodak.edu NASA Facts. http://www.nasa.gov Rowland, Scott. What happens when a fountain of liquid magma ejects? http://volcano.und.nodak.edu The Science of Climate Change: The Aerosol Effect. http://www.panda.org/assets/distributions

Managerial Accounting Personal Online Banking

Question: Depict about the Managerial Accounting for Personal Online Banking. Answer: a. Presentation The current examination helps in understanding the crucial vision of the association, corporate goals alongside the foundation of the three associations and the business. The present investigation likewise presets in detail the bookkeeping norms just as the exhibition estimations that are material for the three banks ANZ, NAB and Commonwealth Bank. What's more, the present examination likewise helps in understanding the effect of the exhibition estimation and the bookkeeping gauges on the activities of the three partnerships. Furthermore, the present examination likewise clarifies in detail the job of the administration bookkeeper in helping the procedure of the executives. The investigation likewise explains in detail various controls in the association. The presentation of the firm the point of view of the offer value development, profit statement and the controls can help in dissecting the monetary status of the three banks ANZ, NAB and Commonwealth Bank. Audit of the expressed strategic vision of ANZ, NAB and Commonwealth Bank The vision proclamation of the ANZ Bank makes reference to the ability of the organization to secure the best gifts to work at the association. The vision proclamation likewise expresses that the decent variety of the thoughts just as encounters can be considered as the way in to our prosperity. Corporate objectives of the association Province Bank: The point of the Commonwealth Bank is To achieve indigenous business equality inside 10 years and get Indigenous representatives that makes up 3% of the Australian workforce and lines up with the extent of the Indigenous Australians in the more extensive national populace. To guarantee that the Commonwealth Bank Group can gain admittance to subsidizing from various capital markets in Australia just as seaward Commbank.com.au 2016 To get an AA FICO assessment band and to keep up the position To guarantee sufficient, financially savvy just as supportable wellsprings of funds in the long haul so as to meet the progressing liquidity prerequisites of the Commonwealth Bank and to fulfill the prudential necessities executed by the administration just as fiscal authority Commbank.com.au 2016 National Australia Bank: The point o f the National Australia Bank is To separate the business in the capability of customers, networks and individuals from the staff and to have a constructive outcome on the customers just as networks Nab.com.au 2016 To meet the financial needs of the clients through the far reaching worldwide system of various branches, agent workplaces just as auxiliaries in Australia, New Zealand, UK, USA and various pieces of Asia. To focus on maintaining the expanding business, exchange just as remote direct speculation streams between Australia, New Zealand, UK, USA and various pieces of Asia Nab.com.au 2016 ANZ Bank: The point of the ANZ Bank is To economically expand the general deals just as gainfulness Anz.com 2016 To become quicker than the standard and to distinguish openings Anz.com 2016 Foundation of the organizations The Commonwealth Bank, an Australian Transnational Bank works across better places that incorporate New Zealand, Fiji, United States of America and United Kingdom. The Commonwealth Bank offers different money related administrations that incorporate retail, business just as institutional banking, the board of reserve, superannuation, protection, and venture just as broking administrations Whittington and Pany 2012. The Common riches Bank can be viewed as the biggest recorded partnership in the Australian Stock Exchange. National Australia Bank is likewise one of the biggest money related establishments in Australia from the viewpoint of market capitalization just as clients. Grab is additionally positioned as the 21st biggest bank on the planet specified as far as market capitalization. Moreover, the NAB is additionally viewed as the 41st biggest bank on the planet listed as far as absolute resources during the year 2014. ANZ Bank, New Zealands biggest budgetary administrations works as an auxiliary of Australia just as New Zealand Banking Group Limited of Australia Anz.com 2016. The traded on an open market bank working in the fund and protection segment, headquartered in Auckland, New Zealand offers items and administrations, for example, the check sums, protection, stock financier, venture banking, resource based loaning and shopper account. Industry Background The financial business in Australia involves various banks that are enrolled to execute distinctive financial exercises as specified under the Banking Act 1959. The financial business in Australia additionally comprises of remote banks that are likewise authorized to work through various branches in Australia just as Australian coordinated outside bank auxiliaries. Foundation Material: Scholastic Theory: Company Accounting System and Performance Measurement Systems Effect of the bookkeeping standards on the presentation estimation As indicated by the most recent yearly report of the organization Commonwealth Bank in Australia, the administration of the organization presents the yearly explanations according to the Corporation Act 2001 just as the Australian Accounting Standards that again acclimate with the International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS. The money related execution of the gathering communicated as far as the net benefit after assessment, return on value and Earnings per share is made on the legal premise. Moreover, the Management Discussion and Analysis MDA likewise presents the net benefit after assessment on both the legal just as money ground. The administration of the organization Commonwealth Bank utilizes the money premise so as to introduce a straightforward perspective on the basic aftereffects of the activity after prohibition of various things that get instability and twists. The things, for example, the supporting alongside the IFRS changes are listed steadily with the earlier yea r and past half exposures and don't separate between both positive just as negative modifications Edmonds, Tsay and Olds 2011. The organization likewise keeps up solid capital situation as indicated by the BASEL III administrative structure for capital and presents the Basel III Common Equity Tier I proportion on a globally similar premise APRA premise. As referenced in the yearly report of the partnership Commonwealth Bank, the organization plans and presents the General Purpose Financial Reports according to the Australian Accounting Standards that likewise incorporates the Australian Interpretations with the alluring nature of the AASB 1048 Interpretation and Application of Standards just as the commitments of the Corporation Act 2001. The budgetary revelations of the enterprise are basically estimated under the authentic cost show notwithstanding certain advantages just as liabilities including certain subsidiary apparatuses counted at reasonable worth (Edmonds, Tsay and Olds 20 11). The estimation of the exhibition of the bank follows certain standards. The auxiliaries of the organization are represented at cost after conclusion of the gathered hindrances at the degree of the bank. Cost is identified as the total reasonable estimations of the advantages, value instruments or probably the liabilities caused/assumed at the date of exchange Garrison, Noreen and Brewer 2012. As per the yearly report of National Australia Bank, the administration of the organization additionally presents the monetary reports according to the Australian Accounting Standards Board and the Corporation Act 2001. Moreover, the organization follows the legal premise just as the money reason for the administration conversation and investigation report. What's more, the administration of the National bank of Australia likewise readies the fiscal summaries according to the recorded cost show. This has changed by various utilizations of the reasonable worth identifications allowed by the relevant bookkeeping principles Garrison, Noreen and Brewe 2012. Likewise, the yearly report of ANZ Bank of Australia additionally uncovers the way that the fiscal summaries of the organization are both arranged just as introduced by the commitments of the Companies Act 1993, the Financial Reporting Act 1993 notwithstanding the Order (Anz.com 2016). Moreover, the money related affirmations are additionally arranged according to the New Zealand for the most part Accepted Accounting Practice. This additionally accommodates with the New Zealand equivalent to the International Financial Reporting Standards NZ IFRS. What's more, the organization additionally readies the budgetary reports according to the authentic cost show barring explicit resources just as liabilities that are basically expressed at the reasonable worth Horngren and Horngren 2012. Similar investigation of the Measures to look after control The interior control alludes to the procedure of evaluating just as bookkeeping that can assist the association with maintaining operational viability just as effectiveness Arens, Elder and Beasley 2012. The administration of Commonwealth Bank keeps up that inside control by support of unwavering quality of monetary revealing, arrangement of convenient supposition with respect to the key goals of the association Auditing, affirmation and morals handbook 2012. The administration of Commonwealth Bank additionally follows by the guidelines specified under the applicable bookkeeping gauges under the Australian Accounting Standards Board and the Corporation Act 2001. Once more, the organization additionally has a review advisory group for the support of control. The PricewaterhouseCoopers PwC gives the review just as non-review administrations. The organization likewise proclaims that the money related report of Commonwealth Bank of Australia and notices that the report gives a valid just as reasonable perspective on the organization and the monetary situation of the combined articulations Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012. Likewise, the report of the examiner expresses that the fiscal summaries agree to the Australian Accounting Standards and th

How Stress Affects Your School Work

How Stress Affects Your School Work How Stress Affects Your School Work How Stress Affects Your School Work It’s a vicious cycle: school work makes you stressed, your stress makes it hard to complete your school work, and then the put-off work makes you feel more stressed. In a January 2015 study by Western University, researchers found a majority of all students felt higher than average stress levels during school, and it was their biggest barrier to performing well in their courses. Nearly 58% of students said their stress levels were somewhere between “more than average” and “tremendous.” As a result, this had an impact on how well each student did in school. In fact, stress levels were found to have a direct negative effect on academic performance. The study states that, “amongst post-secondary students, stress is inherent, significant, and adversely affects academic performance.” Heavy workloads and financial difficulties were two common reasons many students reported feeling so stressed out. Once you’re doing poorly in school your stress only increases, your grades get even worse, and the cycle continues. While eliminating stress altogether is an impossible goal, the study says students need to learn coping mechanisms and schools need to create less stressful environments for their students. Since stress is so prevalent among college and university students, it’s best for people to learn coping strategies early. Students who adapted to university life early, later reported higher feelings of competency and self-worth, the study said. So not only will minimizing stress improve your grades, and day-to-day life, it will also make you feel better about yourself in later years. One good way to cope with the stress of school is to pick up a tutor to help you wade through the work for your hardest courses. If you’re worried about particular assignments and exams, a Homework Help Canada tutor can work with you on a one-on-on basis to prepare and even check over your work before you turn it in. Our expert tutors can provide instruction, supervision, constructive criticism, and brainstorming help customized to your schoolwork, your courses, and your schedule. Let us help you plan for the school year and minimize your stress before it even begins! References: Versaevel, L. (2015). Canadian Post-Secondary Students, Stress, and Academic Performance â€" A Socio-Ecological Approach. Social and Behavioural Sciences Common. Retrieved August 31, 2015, from viewcontent.cgi?article=4054context=etd How Stress Affects Your School Work How Stress Affects Your School Work How Stress Affects Your School Work It’s a vicious cycle: school work makes you stressed, your stress makes it hard to complete your school work, and then the put-off work makes you feel more stressed. In a January 2015 study by Western University, researchers found a majority of all students felt higher than average stress levels during school, and it was their biggest barrier to performing well in their courses. Nearly 58% of students said their stress levels were somewhere between “more than average” and “tremendous.” As a result, this had an impact on how well each student did in school. In fact, stress levels were found to have a direct negative effect on academic performance. The study states that, “amongst post-secondary students, stress is inherent, significant, and adversely affects academic performance.” Heavy workloads and financial difficulties were two common reasons many students reported feeling so stressed out. Once you’re doing poorly in school your stress only increases, your grades get even worse, and the cycle continues. While eliminating stress altogether is an impossible goal, the study says students need to learn coping mechanisms and schools need to create less stressful environments for their students. Since stress is so prevalent among college and university students, it’s best for people to learn coping strategies early. Students who adapted to university life early, later reported higher feelings of competency and self-worth, the study said. So not only will minimizing stress improve your grades, and day-to-day life, it will also make you feel better about yourself in later years. One good way to cope with the stress of school is to pick up a tutor to help you wade through the work for your hardest courses. If you’re worried about particular assignments and exams, a Homework Help USA tutor can work with you on a one-on-on basis to prepare and even check over your work before you turn it in. Our expert tutors can provide instruction, supervision, constructive criticism, and brainstorming help customized to your schoolwork, your courses, and your schedule. Let us help you plan for the school year and minimize your stress before it even begins! References: Versaevel, L. (2015). Canadian Post-Secondary Students, Stress, and Academic Performance â€" A Socio-Ecological Approach. Social and Behavioural Sciences Common. Retrieved August 31, 2015, from viewcontent.cgi?article=4054context=etd

Management Consulting Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Management Consulting Firms, The Industry Of Information Systems And The Advent Of New Technology Background of Management Consulting The economy is rapidly changing. Whereas it was once focused on production, the economy is quickly becoming knowledge-based; this change of focus has drawn the management consulting firm to the forefront as the core competency of a management consulting firm is, quite simply, knowledge, both formal and tacit (Anand, Gardner and Morris 2007). The belief that such knowledge can be held tacitly is evidenced by the fact that anyone with perceived expertise, be it experience-based, knowledge-based or creativity-based, can potentially operate as a management consultant if so desired as no formal qualification/license exists nor is the field itself regulated (GlÃÆ' ¼ckler 1999). Inasmuch as this lack of regulation increases the likelihood of an incidence of malpractice, it also creates an environment where barriers to entry are low and the application of knowledge is at the forefront. Thus, while knowledge is a competency of many industries, it is the distinct province of the management consulting firm in that such firms essentially capitalise on the ability to apply this knowledge towards the development of innovative approaches/solutions (Anand, Gardner and Morris 2007). Management consulting firms are at the forefront of business intelligence, or BI, a new term coined to identify the methods that organizations use to develop useful information, or intelligence, that can help organizations survive and thrive in the global economy and information that will allow organizations to predict the behaviour of their competitors, suppliers, customers, technologies, acquisitions, markets, products and services, and the general business environment with a de gree of certainty (Jourdan, Rainer and Marshall 2008). This view is supported by many others (GlÃÆ' ¼ckler 1999); for example, Blunsdon (2002) introduces her conference paper by paraphrasing Alvesson: consulting involves the ability and experience in adapting to new situations, operating essentially as, fashion setters. This type of fashion setter has been part of the economy at least since the industrial revolution, when management consultants with a variety of backgrounds engineering, accounting, law began marketing themselves as efficiency experts (GlÃÆ' ¼ckler 1999). Background of New Technology The development of new technology creates a surge of new theories regarding business intelligence best practices (Jourdan, Rainer and Marshall 2008), which produces an opportunity for a management consulting firm to capitalise on the prevailing trend. To quote the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Internet and related advances in information and communication technology (ICT) are transforming economic activity, much at the steam engine, railways and electricity did in the past (King and Lyytinen 2006). ICT is developing at an exponential rate, and while its impact can be seen on the economy at large, the impact of ICT is even more clearly demonstrated in the ways by which the new technology has enabled more sophisticated information systems, or IS. Information Systems is an opaque term applied to a system of information management; IS, as it is defined in the vernacular, typically refers to a strategic information system that, if utilised eff ectively, manifests itself as a tool that builds productivity in a way that maximizes profit margins (Freitas, Luciano and Testa 2004). The use of IS to harness competitive advantage is a movement that has been prevaricated by consultants, largely due to the fact that the role of the consultant is to maximize sustainable profitability through the creation, tailoring, application of ideas and concepts towards that end (Apostolou and Mentzas 1999) Apostolou and Mentzas performed a study of management consulting firms in 1999 which found that the ability of a consultant to market an idea, and for that idea to be efficiently and effectively implemented, relies on the development of a knowledge friendly culture, replete with clarity of purpose and vision, that is committed to the application of knowledge management. One could argue that Apostolou and Mentzass findings were not revolutionary; it is common knowledge that ideas of any sort will not gain ground unless the audience i s receptive nor can an idea be implemented if it is not clearly defined and the goals of the application of the concept clearly set. Further, Apostolou and Mentzas argued that information technology infrastructure is less critical, as intranets emerge as a standard mediumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ an out-of-the-box functionality. Others would disagree; in April 2009, Kirwan and Conboy (2009) found that new technology presents significant opportunities for a business when used effectively, opportunities that can frequently be overlooked because of lack of understanding the potential of new technology to overcome existing performance gaps or exploit new opportunities. While new technology in and of itself is not a solution, methods by which to overcome existing performance gaps or to capitalise on new opportunities do not necessarily have to be technology-based and the term technology may not necessarily connote a complicated endeavour, it should be noted that, in practice, newer techno logy is the enabler of this strategic IS (King and Lyytenin 2006). In their 2004 study Research topics in in the field Management Information Systems: a comparative study France/Brazil, researchers Freitas, Luciano and Testa (2004), through analysis of 390 articles found that researchers in IS vary in their methods, and deductively in their perceptions thereof, in a way that is consistent with the variance in IS needs presented by their respective country. While Freitas, Luciano and Testas research method was somewhat imprecise in that article distribution was not even between countries and the variables used were not defined explicitly, their research does indicate that IS needs are very different by geographic location and this difference signifies the variant role of IS. What are the Issues? Whereas IS originally developed out of antiquated data processing systems and originally held a strictly technological view, a more spherical definition of the discipline is rapidly becoming a necessity (King and Lyytinen 2006). The discipline has grown to accommodate a notion of a more integrated technology, management, organizational and social focus. Accordingly, the following definition of IS was proposed by the UK Academy for Information Systems: The study of information systems and their development is a multidisciplinary subject and addresses the range of strategic, managerial and operational activities involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing and use of information, and its associated technologies, in society and organizations. While some would argue that this definition does not pay proper attention to the more creative and innovative aspects of the discipline of IS, the definition is inclusive to other fields that may have competencies that overlap those of IS; it precisely this characteristic that makes the field of IS distinctive. In fact, IS will draw from other disciplines as necessary in order to gleam insight into the situation at hand, sometimes using psychology or sociology to draw a theory as to the way the system being analysed is integrated (Bronfenbrenner, 1989) and other times pulling from theories of economics, such as game theory (Gintis 2005). As the focus and application of IS broadens, so too does the role, or potential role, of the management consulting firm. GlÃÆ' ¼ckler (1999) found in a study of 1600 EU businesses that industry specific experience was just as significant as price in the selection of consultants, both factors accounting individually for 42 percent of the reasons attributable to the hiring of management consultant firm. Avison and Elliot (see King and Lyytinen 2006) outline several major issues facing IS as an industry, issues that management consulting firms need to be mindful of in order to remain effective, and thusly competitive. Perhaps the most obvious of these issues to a consultant is to maximize the return on IS investment for the client. This is accomplished by an agile system that has the capability, and structure, to perform quickly and accurately, as well as adaptively. The system, however advanced, must serve to reduce complexity and it must be understandable. Deductively then, it stands to reason that one must have, and be able to keep professionals who are able to implement and maintain the IS. This simplistic fact draws several other issues- How does one measure the value of IS? How can performance be quantified? It is not enough to evaluate the effectiveness of a solution versus having never implemented the solution as the client company operates in an environment where some form of solution was required. Without having implemented the alternative, how can performance and the value created thereby be valued? Further issue s become more apparent- how can IS be maximized to create competitive advantage? How does the competitive edge impact business as it affects the originator, such as complementary products, cost reductions invoking aggressive pricing, or the ability to expand ones network? This, in turn, draws to mind the need for a system that is able to defensively protect information and other assets and to do so in such a way that meets or exceeds the current standards of IS governance. Are there any viable options that you, as a manager, can consider for your organisation? As a manager of a management consulting firm, I think thatissues such as these require special attention. Porter (1998) wrote, now that companies can source capital, goods, information and technology from around the world, often with the click of a mouse, much of the conventional wisdom about how companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ compete needs to be overhauled. In theory, more open global markets and faster transportation an d communication should diminish the role of location in competition. In spite of this theoretical implication the development of sourcing brings, clusters, defined as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field, and the role of geography indicated thereby, have not become less important in strategy development (Porter 1998) Rather, the importance of clusters can be seen in location choice, the engagement of local business, the upgrading of clusters, and in the collective works gained by operating as a cluster. As a manager, I can maximize the strength of the cluster geographically or virtually, keeping in mind the collaborative nature of the cluster, a concept somewhat akin to having the right address. Technological knowledge is also prone to the effect of the cluster, as can be seen in the case of knowledge spill-overs, a term used to describe a situation whereby external knowledge can augment internal resources (Patrucco 20 08). The availability of knowledge spill-overs is determined by the relationships between knowledge producers/implementers in place, the cost of acquiring said knowledge and investment required to produce such knowledge. The positive effect of localisation on a technology-based knowledge-acquisition system is based on the reduced cost of internal production and increased access to external resources. My firm is more likely to benefit from knowledge spill-overs if I can secure synergetic relationships with complementary companies (Manyika, Roberts and Sprague 2007). As I work towards developing these types of relationships, such as through investment therein, my firm will not only be able to reap the benefit of unique resources as they relate to competitive advantage, but be able to raise industry standards (Adner and Zemsky 2006). I can maximize Rothaermel and Hills (2005) finding that the advent of new technology and the competitive advantage gained is dependent on the ass ets required to implement it. Rothaermel and Hill (2005) found that incumbent industry performance declined if the new technology could be commercialized through generic assets, but that incumbent industry performance improved if the new technology could be commercialized through specialized assets. As a manger, I can use this finding in that the new technology that I can help foster should be that which works in conjunction with specialised assets my firm already has and is highly proficient in. The new technology would then require a distinct learning curve and my firm would be in a position to capitalise on this proficiency, possibly as a first-mover. I can also maximise the benefit of the new technology relative to the development and installation of information systems by developing inherent automated capabilities thereof (Manyika, Roberts and Sprague 2007). By removing the repetitive tasks often required of an information system, my firm can largely avoid the risk of human error and bias in the recording of information and to reduce time spent on the IS itself, two factors which contribute to a significant reduction in costs associated with IS. Also, a greater volume of information can be recorded efficiently, information which may identify performance gaps and/or opportunities that may have been missed otherwise due to a lack of available resources to track the determinant information. As evidenced by the work of Cragg (2006), technology plays a strategic role in leading companies, particularly in those that customise technology to suit its particular needs and in those that seek new applications for existing technology. For many organisations, the application of technology is directed toward IS. An effective information system, aside from its ability to organise information, also provides focus on the findings that are most relevant; this usage prevents management from focusing unnecessarily on marginal attributes (Adeoti-Adekeye 1997 ). While, as a manager, I am in a position to facilitate this process, the increased availability of new technology increases the risk of substitute products/services and the rivalry amongst competitors; this abundance of suppliers, coupled with relatively low barriers to entry, increases the bargaining power of buyers (Porter 2001). These factors can however be mitigated through my firms ability to create value unique to that of its competitors and to do so by methods and processes variant to those of the competition. What are the Lessons Learnt here? From GlÃÆ' ¼cklers study (1999), I learned that the primary reason (66 percent of the 1600 companies studied) that companies hire management consultants is lack of experience in certain problem areas, followed closely by impartiality of external viewpoint (49 percent), to learn from other firms (48 percent), and need for new ideas (46 percent). I believe the management consulting firm is able to accomplish these actions through the creation and application of information systems. According to Sull (2005), success is dependent upon five categories of commitments that comprise the success formula: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strategic frames: What we see when we look at the world, including definition of industry, relevant competitors and how to create value. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Processes: How we do things around here entailing both informal and formal routines. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Resources: Tangible and intangible assets that we control which help us compete, such as brand, technology, real estate, expertise, etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Relationships: Established links with external stakeholders including investors, technology partners or distributors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Values: Beliefs that inspire, unify and identify us. Sulls success formula seems like common sense, however I think it clearly exemplifies the role of the management consulting firm and draws to light aspects that may not have been evidenced at first sight. It is common knowledge that, in order for any company to be profitable, it has to be in a position to be so, meaning that it has to have the resources, or access to such resources, be they finance-related, personnel-based, knowledge-based, relationship-based, etc., and the ability to apply those resources strategically toward the vision of the company. Should a company not possess adequate levels of the aforementioned resources, I learned that outsourcing is a viable option. Outsourcing in this way can be used to bring new products/servic es to the market faster, to access a perceived opportunity cheaper and quicker, to penetrate new markets and/or develop existing ones, to develop and test the viability of new products/services, or simply to enforce business strategies. Willcocks and Lavity (2006) defined outsourcing as the handing over of assets, resources, activities and/or people to third party management to achieve agreed performance outcomes. The outsourcing market, as they defined it, has been growing steadily from 1989, when outsourcing was valued as a $3 billion market, to the estimated $330 billion market it has grown to. While outsourcing may not be the best choice for every business, nor will it suit every need, outsourcing as defined in Willcocks and Lacitys research, which encompassed traditional outsourcing, as well as management consultants, net-sourcing meaning virtual and fee-for-service providers, has the potential to fit many needs and situations. I learnt that it is important to treat back offices as a portfolio of capabilities, meaning that management should select several actions that a source supplier can perform far less expensively and use less time doing so; a common example is payroll. Willcocks and Lavitys findings show that companies that use this type of selective-sourcing are 77 percent effective. I learned that by expanding the definition of outsourcing one is able to expose a plethora of applications that I had not found apparent; as a management consulting firm, outsourcing in this broad definition has many applications, both in-house and as potential niche markets. In the case of outsourcing as applied to the operations of the management consulting firm, I have found that there are several non-core functions that could be outsourced profitably. While most management consultants have a strong ability to innovate, apply change and interpret ideas in a way that customises them to the business being dealt with, most management consultants will not be highly proficient and/or will not have the extra resource of time to spend on non-core operations such as payroll, accounts receivable, application of marketing concepts, etc. I have learnt that outsourcing these back office tasks can be a tremendous time and money-saver even for a firm such as a management consultancy, with low overhead and few daily transactions. I also learnt that outsourcing can also be utilised by a management consulting firm as a precursor to expansion. In order for a management consulting firm to be able to address the needs of its clients as expeditiously as possible, it is a necessity that the firm not be working at peak levels on a daily basis; otherwise, it would be difficult to respond to an emergency situation one client is having without risking missing a deadline of another client. However, sometimes opportunities present themselves that, strategically, should not be passed by. I have learnt that the management consulting firm would have a viable option to outsource a component of the opportunity project. It appears that such an option could be found in the outsourcing of the research involved, administrative or clerical tasks such as audience-specific report preparation or proofreading, technical aspects such as system configuration or automation, etc., an option I had not considered previously. As the broader definition of outsourcing relates to niche markets, it reveals many opportunities for my management consulting firm to pursue. The first niche that came to mind personally was the ability of the management consulting firm to capitalise on the down-time that is inevitable between clients by selling consulting service specialities, meaning accepting work that requires a limited amount of time involved, such as advising a business as to what features it should have on its website and the navigation thereof. Also, this type of shorter project is typically less expensive to the client customer, which woul d open a niche to smaller businesses which typically have limited resources. Another niche concept that occurred to me was that a management consulting firm can take advantage of is the way industry structure has been affected by outsourcing. This could be done by diversifying the services offered or expanding the geographic radius of its client base. GlÃÆ' ¼cklers study (1999) taught me that management consulting firms tend to grow in one of two ways: Diversification, the offering of a variety of services, and Globalisation, expanding the geographic scope of the services provided. The relative growth strategy assumed is generally dependent upon the structure by which the management consulting firm operates; it may function regionally, or within a certain geographic location; functionally, or by a speciality; or sectorally, meaning the offering of a variety of services within a particular sector. I realise that management consulting firms can obtain stronger and more pro fitable growth by structuring its growth strategy in one of these ways, rather than try to be all things to all people and risk overextension of firm resources. I think that many management consulting firms have this tendency and that focusing on the strengths of the firm is the more profitable strategy. I have learnt that successful capitalisation on management consulting strengths will translate better when a focused effort is undertaken rather than a strictly opportunistic style. I have learnt it is better to have my management consulting firm be perceived as an expert in certain issue rather than a one size fits all solution. My Conclusions The relationship between the enterprise of management consulting and the industry of information systems represents a significant correlation. IS is described by Avison and Elliott as a field of study developed in response to the increasing necessity of organizations to improve their capabilities to process and to manage data (see King and Lyytinen 2006). As described by Blunsdon (2002), The management consulting industry exists because of the presence of persistent organisational and management problems which creates an atmosphere of uncertainty and exerts pressure on managers to be seen to be acting both rationally and innovatively. Long-standing, successful companies can have a tendency to fall subject to active inertia, the tendency to respond aggressively to new variant markets in the same manner that had previously been successful, is a primary reason why good companies go bad (Sull 2005). I have found that in order to circumvent this tendency, a manager of a management consulting firm needs to be adaptive to market conditions and ensure that the management consulting firm itself serves to provide an objective perspective and innovative solutions, particularly solutions that require the application of firm core proficiencies in order to be successful. Research findings, particularly those of GlÃÆ' ¼ckler (1999), arguably draw attention to the need to clearly define what the role of IS is for a company and to determine how much of the process of IS creation and integration should be outsourced. I have found that even the outsourced can use outsourcing, so long as core competencies are not outsourced. As a manager of a management consulting firm, I will look to outsourcing non-core actions, particularly back-office tasks to other firms that can do such work at less cost. Further, I will analyse other, non-primary functions for the potential of outsourcing them so that my firm can focus solely on its core services, possibly diversifying t o related core-type actions that we may not have had the resources for before. Likewise, inasmuch as management consulting firms have the ability to contribute value throughout the production cycle, expected outcomes need to be tangibly defined at each level and throughout each phase of the management consulting contract. Doing so creates better relationships with clients and can help identify areas of opportunity. Whereas the economy is increasingly knowledge-based, the management consulting firm is drawn to the forefront as its core competency is, quite simply, knowledge, both formal and tacit. The development of new technology creates an opportunity for management consulting firms to capitalise on prevailing trends through the creation and application of strategic information systems. As a manager, I will look for ways for my firm to maximise this opportunity. I will also keep in mind that, as the focus and application of IS broadens, so too does the role, or potential r ole, of the management consulting firm, including the capability to supply net-sourcing and fee-for-service while avoiding the type of piecemeal outsourcing that frequently yields piecemeal results. The relationship between the enterprise of management consulting and the industry of information systems is significant. To circumvent the piecemeal type of consulting, I will look to gearing client solutions to function more spherically and to customising those solutions precisely; this approach should yield a greater impact. 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